About thyroid eye disease

Thyroid eye disease (TED): a progressive autoimmune disease¹

TED is characterized by inflammation of, growth of, and damage to tissues around and behind the eyes.^1-3

Most often, TED occurs when the thyroid gland is overactive. Less frequently, TED can occur in people who have normal or underactive thyroids.⁴ An estimated 85% of people with TED also have Graves’ disease.¹ Given the close association between these 2 autoimmune conditions, TED is sometimes referred to as Graves’ orbitopathy.⁵

TED has an active inflammatory phase that is followed by a chronic fibrotic phase. Even after initial treatment and improvement, symptoms may persist or flare over time.³

Thyroid eye disease (TED)

What is the pathology of TED?

The autoimmune, inflammatory, and fibrotic processes are primarily caused by the TSH receptor (TSHR) and the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) autoantibody-mediated activation of orbital fibroblasts. This leads to cytokine release, hyaluronan production, and adipose tissue expansion, resulting in muscle swelling and fat enlargement in the eye.^1-3,6

What are the symptoms of TED?

Common symptoms include⁵:

Bulging eyes (proptosis)
Double vision (diplopia)
Dry eyes
Redness of the eyes
Pain in and around the eyes
Eyelid retraction
Swelling of the eyes and surrounding area

In severe cases, TED can lead to damage to the eyes and even loss of sight.⁷

IGF-1R=insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; TSH=thyroid stimulating hormone.

Lumvoa has been studied in both active and chronic TED⁸

See efficacy results

Indication: Lumvoa is indicated for the treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease regardless of Thyroid Eye Disease activity or duration.

Important Safety Information

Infusion Reactions: Lumvoa may cause infusion reactions. Infusion reactions have been reported in approximately 9% of patients treated with Lumvoa. Signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions include transient increases in blood pressure, fever, chills, headache, and fatigue. Infusion reactions may occur during or soon after an infusion. Reported infusion reactions are usually mild or moderate in severity and can usually be successfully managed with corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antipyretics. In patients who experience an infusion reaction, consideration should be given to standard premedication and/or administering infusions at a slower infusion rate.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Lumvoa may cause an exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD has been reported in some patients receiving insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitors without a prior diagnosis of IBD. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of IBD, including patients without a history of IBD. If IBD is suspected, discontinue use of Lumvoa.

Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia or increased blood glucose may occur in patients treated with Lumvoa. In clinical trials, 12% of patients, of whom one-half had preexisting diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, experienced hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemic events should be controlled with medications for glycemic control, if necessary. Assess patients for elevated blood glucose and symptoms of hyperglycemia prior to infusion and continue to monitor while on treatment with Lumvoa. Ensure patients with hyperglycemia or preexisting diabetes are under appropriate glycemic control before and while receiving Lumvoa. Continued monitoring after treatment is recommended for patients who experience hyperglycemia while on Lumvoa.

Hearing Impairment Including Hearing Loss: Lumvoa may cause severe hearing impairment including hearing loss, which in some cases may be permanent. Assess patients’ hearing before, during, and after treatment with Lumvoa and consider the benefit-risk of treatment with patients.

Most Common Adverse Events: Most common adverse reactions (incidence of 5% or more) are muscle spasms, headache, hearing impairment, hyperglycemia, fatigue, diarrhea, ear discomfort, infusion-related reaction, nausea, nasopharyngitis, blood creatine phosphokinase increased, dry skin, and hypertension.

Females of Reproductive Potential: Appropriate forms of contraception should be implemented prior to initiation, during treatment, and for 6 months following the last dose of Lumvoa.

Lumvoa (500 mg) is an injection for infusion.

Please see accompanying Full Prescribing Information.

Tamhankar MA, Raza S, Brutsaert E, et al. The burden of illness in thyroid eye disease: current state of the evidence. Front Ophthalmol (Lausanne). 2025;5:1565762. doi:10.3389/fopht.2025.1565762
Aoun T, Danielova Gueorguieva D, Wu KY. Orbital inflammation in thyroid eye disease: stress responses and their implications. Stresses. 2024;4(1):54-78. doi:10.3390/stresses4010004
Vincent AB, Engelmann AR, Hwang CJ, Nasr C. Thyroid eye disease: what's the latest? Cleve Clin J Med. 2025;92(11):693-701. doi:10.3949/ccjm.92a.25043
Muñoz-Ortiz J, Sierra-Cote MC, Zapata-Bravo E, et al. Prevalence of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and euthyroidism in thyroid eye disease: a systematic review of the literature. Syst Rev. 2020;9(1):201. doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01459-7
Cleveland Clinic. Thyroid eye disease. (Graves’ eye disease). March 2, 2025. Accessed February 17, 2026. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17558-thyroid-eye-disease
Yuan X, Li H, Wang F. The therapeutic revolution in thyroid eye disease: from orbital radiotherapy to teprotumumab and AI. Front Med (Lausanne). 2026;13:1758015. doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1758015
Scarabosio A, Surico PL, Singh RB, et al. Thyroid eye disease: advancements in orbital and ocular pathology management. J Pers Med. 2024;14(7):776. doi:10.3390/jpm14070776
Lumvoa™ (veligrotug-vvze). Prescribing Information. Viridian Therapeutics, Inc; 2026.